Multilevel degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a condition in which two or more intervertebral discs in the spine show signs of wear and tear or degeneration. It most commonly affects the lumbar (lower back) and cervical (neck) spine.
What Happens in DDD?
Discs between vertebrae lose their normal:
- Height
- Hydration
- Elasticity
This can lead to:
- Disc bulges or herniations
- Reduced space between vertebrae
- Bone spurs (osteophytes)
- Facet joint arthritis
- Nerve compression
Common Locations
- Cervical spine (neck): C4-C5, C5-C6, C6-C7
- Lumbar spine (lower back): L3-L4, L4-L5, L5-S1
Symptoms May Include
- Chronic or intermittent neck or back pain
- Stiffness or reduced range of motion
- Radiating pain, numbness, or weakness in arms or legs (if nerves are compressed)
- Pain worsens with sitting, bending, lifting, or twisting
Causes & Risk Factors
- Aging (natural disc dehydration)
- Genetics
- Repetitive strain or injury
- Poor posture
- Smoking (slows disc healing)
- Obesity
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical
- Physical therapy
- Anti-inflammatory meds
- Epidural or facet joint injections
- Postural training and ergonomics
- Laser therapy or chiropractic care
Surgical (if severe)
- Spinal fusion
- Artificial disc replacement
- Laminectomy or discectomy
